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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Brain fingerprinting ： ウィキペディア英語版 Brain fingerprinting Brain fingerprinting is a forensic science technique that uses electroencephalography (EEG) to determine whether specific information is stored in a subject's brain by measuring electrical brainwaves and recording a brain response known as a P300-MERMER (memory and encoding related multifaceted electroencephalographic response) in response to words, phrases, or pictures that are presented on a computer screen (Encyclopedia of Forensic Science 2014, Farwell & Smith 2001, Farwell, Richardson, and Richardson 2013). == History == Brain fingerprinting was invented by Lawrence Farwell. The hypothesis is that the brain processes known and relevant information differently from the way it processes unknown or irrelevant information (Farwell & Donchin 1991). The brain's processing of known information, such as the details of a crime stored in the brain, is revealed by a specific pattern in the EEG (electroencephalograph) (Farwell & Smith 2001, Farwell 1994). Farwell's brain fingerprinting originally used the P300 brain response to detect the brain's recognition of the known information (Farwell & Donchin 1986, 1991, Farwell 1995a). Later, Farwell discovered the P300-MERMER ("Memory and Encoding Related Multifaceted Electroencephalographic Response"), which includes the P300 and additional features and is reported to provide a higher level of accuracy and statistical confidence than the P300 alone (Encyclopedia of Forensic Science 2014, Farwell & Smith 2001, Farwell 1994, Farwell 1995b, Farwell ''et al.'' 2013). Brain fingerprinting has produced less than 1% error rate and high statistical confidence (Encyclopedia of Forensic Science 2014) in laboratory research (Farwell & Donchin 1991) and real-life field applications (Farwell & Smith 2001, Farwell ''et al.'' 2013). In independent research, William Iacono and others who followed identical or similar scientific protocols to Farwell's have reported a similar low error rate and high statistical confidence with brain fingerprinting (e.g., Allen & Iacono 1997, Iacono 2008). Scientific standards for brain fingerprinting are specified in Encyclopedia of Forensic Science 2014, Harrington v. State 2001, Farwell 2012, and Farwell ''et al.'' 2013. Brain fingerprinting has been ruled admissible in court (Harrington v. State 2001, Encyclopedia of Forensic Science 2014, Farwell & Makeig 2005, Farwell 2012), and applied in a number of high-profile criminal cases, including the exoneration of Terry Harrington after he had been convicted of murder (Harrington v. State 2001) and bringing serial killer J. B. Grinder to justice (Encyclopedia of Forensic Science 2014, Farwell ''et al.'' 2013). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brain fingerprinting」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.